These factors may indicate a certain level of group risk for problematic substance use, but cannot verify either the likelihood of substance use occurring within the group or which individuals within the group are more likely to be affected. These factors are not inherent in the composition of the social structure, are neither stable nor persistent, but are governed by the social values and norms of that social system or group (Bunge 2003). Programs that do not have a plan for creating a culture of recovery among clients risk their clients returning to the drug culture or holding on to elements of that culture because it meets their basic and social needs. In the worst-case scenario, clients will recreate a drug culture among themselves within the program. In the best case, staff members will have a plan for creating a culture of recovery within their treatment population. But when you’re becoming addicted to a substance, that normal hardwiring of helpful brain processes can begin to work against you.
Individualized care
Action, subjective experience of action, and consequently responsibility for action is mediated by many factors, including psychological phenomenon such as an individual’s emotional processes. As a point of illustration, Damasio’s (1994) somatic marker hypothesis (SMH) provides a helpful perspective on integrating the neuropsychological domain of decision-making and human interaction with the social environment. The SMH proposes a mechanism where emotion guides or significantly influences behaviour, particularly decision-making. Somatic markers are acquired by experience and are under control of a neural “internal preference system which is inherently biased to https://yourhealthmagazine.net/article/addiction/sober-houses-rules-that-you-should-follow/ avoid pain, seek potential pleasure, and is probably pretuned for achieving these goals in social situations” (Damasio 1994, 179). The brain responds to particular social cues that may provide instant pleasure, or regulate biological homeostasis, such as relief from withdrawal (Li and Sinha 2008).
- Males had lower levels of self-acceptance than females, HIV-positive than negative, less educated than more educated, and drug addicts who were alienated.
- The Syndrome Model of Addiction attempts to capture this complex interplay, viewing addiction as a syndrome with multiple interconnected symptoms and causes.
- It emphasizes the individual’s ability to perceive, accept and regulate internal experiences.
- Males in low self-acceptance populations are more likely to exhibit lower self-acceptance than females.
- Beginning with Becker’s (1953) seminal work, research has shown that many commonly abused substances are not automatically experienced as pleasurable by people who use them for the first time (Fekjaer 1994).
- The model, therefore, allows for diverse and multidimensional aspects of knowledge to be drawn upon depending on the concern to be addressed, and the tools available to address them (Cochrane 2007).
Cultural Dimension
While much of the PCC framework was mapped, interviewees also discussed challenges faced by rural populations in general (e.g., transportation 41,42,43, childcare 44) and legislation that inhibits patient-centered care (e.g., OTP restrictions 45, 46). Additionally, drug testing procedures vary throughout the State but are required as part of best practice; however, testing is inconvenient and can often lead to mistrust that wears on the Therapeutic Alliance and can contribute to issues with retention 47, 48. Though patient-centered care is encouraged, addiction treatment in the US is still largely siloed; even in Vermont, which has embraced and supported MOUD at the State level, systemic structures of the addiction care system inherently create barriers to patient-centered care.
Addiction Scale: Measuring Substance Use Disorders and Their Severity
Others highlight personality traits like impulsivity, a desire for excitement, or mental health issues stemming from past traumas. Still, others focus on how social and economic factors like solid family bonds, good friends, and opportunities for education and work can influence your choices. Psychological factors in addiction development are a significant piece of the puzzle. They encompass a person’s mental health, emotional state, and thought patterns, all of which can influence their vulnerability to addiction and how they use substances. The biopsychosocial model emphasizes the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
The biopsychosocial model of addiction emphasizes the interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders. This model challenges the traditional biomedical approach, which reduces addiction solely to biochemical causes and often overlooks the significant roles of psychological and sociocultural influences. It asserts that addressing a combination of these factors is essential for effective recovery and presents a more holistic view of addiction that aligns with contemporary Sober Houses Rules That You Should Follow research findings. Studies have shown that improving interpersonal relationships can lead to reductions in relapse rates, as individuals often experience lower levels of isolation and stronger support networks. By engaging clients in structured therapy, IPT promotes healthier relationships, which enhances recovery processes. In one notable study focused on women, significant improvements were documented in both drinking behaviors and depressive symptoms, showcasing that IPT can effectively tackle intertwined issues of addiction and mental health.
Spiritual Dimension
Health psychology examines the reciprocal influences of biology, psychology, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness. A tangled web of biology, psychology, and social influences lies at the heart of addiction, a complex and multifaceted disorder that has long perplexed scientists and devastated countless lives. This intricate interplay of factors forms the foundation of the biopsychosocial model of addiction, a comprehensive framework that seeks to unravel the mysteries of substance use disorders and pave the way for more effective treatments. Some aspects are universal (e.g., the activation of the reward system by drugs of abuse). Yet many other elements are idiosyncratic, such as the intensity of the experience of reward and the functioning of the individual’s mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway in the brain. The biopsychosocial model provides a means of considering the myriad of factors that can contribute to the risk of addiction.
Biology includes genetics and brain chemistry, while psychology examines an individual’s thoughts, emotions, and coping mechanisms. The biomedical model focuses primarily on genetic and biochemical causes of addiction, while the biopsychosocial model considers mental health, environmental, and social influences in addition to biological factors. In contrast, the biopsychosocial model emphasizes the interconnectedness of these factors, leading to more holistic and effective prevention and treatment strategies (Skewes & Gonzalez, 2013). By moving beyond reductionism, this model provides a balanced framework that better reflects the complexity of addiction and improves individuals’ outcomes(Skewes & Gonzalez, 2013). The factors that increase an individual’s risk for addiction are numerous, yet they all find their place in the biopsychosocial model of addiction (Marlatt & Baer, 1988).
The Role of Detoxification in Long-Term Recovery
However, when this option is unavailable or insufficient, clinicians must focus on replacing the client’s ties with the drug culture (or the culture of addiction) with new ties to a culture of recovery. The more an individual’s needs are met within a drug culture, the harder it will be to leave that culture behind. White (1996) gives an example of a person who was initially attracted in youth to a drug culture because of a desire for social acceptance and then grew up within that culture. Through involvement in the drug culture, he was able to gain a measure of self-esteem, change his family dynamic, explore his sexuality, develop lasting friendships, and find a career path (albeit a criminal one). For this individual, who had so much of his life invested in the drug culture, it was as difficult to conceive of leaving that culture as it was to conceive of stopping his substance use. A significant factor in the development and maintenance of addictive behavior is the context in which the behavior occurs.
BMC Psychology
Although a full discussion is warranted pertaining to these challenges, these ethical concerns raised by Oviedo-Joekes et al. (2009) resonate with our present discussion. Every learned action, whether pro-social or anti-social, may be prompted by social conditions such as a lack of resources, conflict, social norms, peer pressure, an underlying drive (e.g., hunger, sex, craving), or a combination of these factors (Bunge 1997). Addiction-related behaviours affect the health of both individuals and communities, either protectively or harmfully.
